
Byakuya strongly believes in law and order. As the head of one of the great noble families and as a captain in the Gotei 13, he always works hard for a peaceful society. He feels that if someone in his position doesn't follow the rules as a good example, then no one will follow them. He believes that to maintain the order, all law-breakers must be punished, even if that goes against his own wishes. In spite of his icy and regal manner, Byakuya cares for and protects those important to him.
Byakuya is popular among the female shinigami of Soul Society, and was voted number one in the "captain we desire to release a photo book for" poll taken by the Shinigami Women's Association. He likes Chinese bellflowers, night time walks, and spicy food.
Byakuya wears the standard captain uniform along with a white headpiece called a kenseikan (symbolizing his noble rank as the head of the Kuchiki family) and a white scarf made by the master weaver, Tsujishirō Kuroemon III. The scarf is made from silver-white windflower light silk (ginpaku kazahana no uzuginu) and is a family heirloom handed down through the generations to the head of the Kuchiki family. Ten large houses can be built for the cost of just one such scarf.
Byakuya seems to have a comedic side to himself as he not only attends the Vice-Captain's meeting when Renji Abarai is absent, but also attends the meetings of the Shinigami Women's Association when Rukia is absent. As he puts it, "part of a captain's responsibilities is to make sure the vice-captain's responsibilities are taken care of" which was spoken during the Shinigami's Illustrated Picture Book in episode 118, to which Renji asks him if he also goes to Rukia's meetings which is only responded by a smile similar to that of Gin Ichimaru's. In the Shinigami Cup in episode 113, Byakuya jokingly remarks that he uses Senbonzakura to cut his hair. In one of the omake chapters, Byakuya claims that life in general isn't supposed to be entertaining, and even makes up an idea for a game that isn't meant to be amusing. It was also shown in an omake chapter that Byakuya has a similar drawing style to Rukia.
Having descended from noble stock, Byakuya is easily offended if his name isn't used properly. As such, he seems to view Ichigo Kurosaki in disdain for always referring to him as such, though he never said him anything to change that. Ichigo seems to be the only one to refer to Byakuya very informally (even his wife refered to him as "Byakuya-sama") so far with the exception of Yachiru, who refers to Byakuya by the nickname "Bya-kun," but it is possible that Byakuya lets it slide, given that Yachiru is a child. In the Shinigami's Illustrated Picture Book in episode 172, Byakuya called Ichigo to Byakuya's mansion in order to talk to Ichigo, but they were interrupted by Yachiru's appearance, who asked Ichigo to follow her elsewhere. After Ichigo's disapperance, it's revealed at the end that Byakuya wanted Ichigo to refer to him properly, and to stop calling him by only his first name. When Byakuya talks with Ichigo, Byakuya calls him by his full name, Ichigo Kurosaki. In some goldens cup, he sees his house had been altered by some tunnels, which are revealed to be Yachiru Kusajishi's work. In one of the latest he had the big surprise to see Yachiru playing in his house and finally discovered she was not the only to be around when Nemu Kurotsuchi opened a door in the wall, he saw a big piece with Rangiku Matsumoto, Nanao Ise, Isane and Kiyone Kotetsu, Soifon and Yoruichi having a tea party in HIS house, without him knowing (his face was not shown when he saw the room's interior). Later, when he tries to border up the secret door, Yachiru reveals another to Byakuya's intense surprise, his face his shown with dismay.
Little is known about Byakuya's early history, except that he often played tag with Yoruichi Shihōin using flash steps, though he never was able to beat her, a score that upholds to the current time of the series.
Around 55 years before the main Bleach storyline, Byakuya married Hisana, who was then a commoner from Rukongai; therefore, he broke the rules by accepting her into the noble Kuchiki family. Shortly before her death, Hisana asked Byakuya to find and adopt her biological sister, Rukia, whom she had abandoned as a baby. She also made him promise that he would not tell Rukia about her real family, for she believed that by abandoning Rukia when she was younger she was not worthy to be called her sister.
One year later, Rukia entered the shinigami academy; shortly after, Byakuya found her and immediately adopted her into the Kuchiki clan. By adopting her Byakuya respected his wife's last wish, but had broken the rules of his clan again. He later swore upon his parents' graves that he would never break the rules again, no matter what. As a result, he, though entirely apathetic on the surface, is actually deeply conflicted with the matter of Rukia's execution: should he intervene, it would require breaking the promise to his parents and the rules again, but should he do nothing he would fail to fulfill the last promise he made to his dying wife to protect Rukia as his own sister.
It is implied that Byakuya Kuchiki became captain of the 6th division less than 50 years before the main Bleach storyline (shortly before Rukia had entered the Gotei 13). Gin Ichimaru became captain of the 3rd Division at the same time, and Gin would commonly start pointless conversations with Byakuya during times they crossed paths.
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Byakuya, as the 6th Division Soul Reaper captain, is skilled in all forms of Soul Reaper combat. In keeping with his rank, Byakuya's abilities allow him to defeat opponents of lieutenant level Soul Reaper without much effort.
Of particular note is Byakuya's speed: he is skilled in the use of flash steps, having trained with (but never surpassed) Goddess of Flash Yoruichi Shihouin. Yoruichi also taught Byakuya some techniques of her own creation involving flash steps, including one called utsusemi (空蝉, lit. cicada, in reference to their molting), which allows Byakuya to move out of harm's way while leaving an afterimage behind. One of Byakuya's favorite techniques, as described by Renji, is senka (闪花, lit. Flash Blossom), a flash step combined with a spin to quickly move behind the enemy, followed by a combination of two quick thrusts.
Byakuya has also displayed knowledge of high level kidō spells, able to cast spells up to number 81 without the incantation. He is adept at using them strategically, such as disrupting the movement of Renji's bankai with a well-timed fire spell and damaging Ichigo's right arm by using a low-level lightning spell at point-blank range to burn a hole through his shoulder.
Shikai: It is triggered by the command "scatter".
Shikai Special Ability: In its shikai, Senbonzakura's blade separates into a thousand slender tiny blade fragments, which then fly away from the hilt. The release can be negated before it completes, such as when Yoruichi Shihōin wrapped the blade in cloth during Byakuya's short battle with Ichigo. While the blades are supposedly too small to see normally, they reflect light in such a way as to appear as cherry blossom petals. Byakuya can control the blade fragments at will, allowing him to shred opponents at a distance and break through almost any defense. While Byakuya can control the blades with his mind alone, using his hands allows him to do so more effectively, making the blades move almost twice as fast.
Bankai: Senbonzakura Kageyoshi (Vibrant Display of the Thousand Cherry Blossoms): is essentially a much larger version of Senbonzakura's shikai. To activate it, Byakuya drops his sword. The sword passes through the ground and two rows of giant blades rise up from the ground behind Byakuya. These then scatter into an infinite number of tiny blades. The number of blades is great enough that Byakuya can use them for defense as well as offense. He commonly forms them into large masses of blades to crush opponents. Like with his shikai, its attack is triggered with the phrase "Scatter".
Bankai Special Ability: Byakuya's bankai has several forms, achieved by arranging the blades in different patterns. Each form presents a different advantage, such as increasing offense at the expense of defense. They are activated by saying the name of the technique followed by the name of his bankai.
Massacre Scene: The first which unites the scattered petals into complete swords that form four rows around Byakuya and his opponent. While Byakuya can control these swords as he does his regular blades, he usually attacks with just one in hand. After immobilizing an opponent, he can call in the other blades to hit them while they're trapped. He can also use all the blades at once for one immensely powerful strike. He claims to have used this ability only twice in his life.
Pivotal Scene: This aligns every blade in a spherical formation around his opponent, which then collapses into them from every possible angle, leaving no blind spots and no chance to escape.
Final Scene: This condenses every one of his blades into a single sword, drastically increasing its cutting power. The blade appears bright white and its aura takes the form of a bird, earning it the name "Hakuteiken" (White Imperial Sword). Byakuya also grows pure white wings and a halo-like circle in the back, both made of spiritual power. It is unknown whether these wings are merely an aesthetic effect or if they can be used to fly.
Ginrei Kuchiki (朽木 銀嶺 Kuchiki Ginrei) is Byakuya Kuchiki's grandfather. A century before the start of the series he was the captain of the 6th division and the leader of the Kuchiki family.
Hisana Kuchiki (朽木 緋真, Kuchiki Hisana?) was Byakuya Kuchiki's wife who died fifty years before the start of the series. She first arrived in Soul Society with her almost identical baby sister, Rukia, though had to abandon her to ensure her own survival. After marrying Byakuya she searched endlessly for Rukia to repent for abandoning her own family. She passed on this task to her husband upon dying, though requested that Rukia never know they were related, too ashamed to be called her sister, and asked that Rukia be able to see Byakuya as an older brother.
Part of the 13th division she is the adopted younger sister and sister in law to Byakuya Kuchiki. Hisana was her elder sister whom she was abandon by as an infant after her death when she came to the Soul Society. One year later after her older sister dies Byakuya found her and adopted her into the Kuchiki family. Rukia is very similar in appearance to Hisana.