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hey guyz!! brisingr123-chan was fortunate 2 catch a BUNRAKU show!!! she did a wonderful write-up of what Bunraku is and her experience!! check it out!!
(2 view in full page click here & scroll down)
Bunraku
Bunraku (文楽), also known as Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃), is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theater, founded in Osaka in 1684.
HISTORY
Originally, the term "Bunraku" referred only to the particular theater established in 1872 in Osaka, which was named the Bunrakuza after the puppeteering ensemble of Uemura Bunrakuken(植村文楽軒), an early 19th century puppeteer on Awaji, whose efforts revived the flagging fortunes of the traditional puppet theater in the 19th century.
The later prominence of the National Bunraku Theater of Japan, which is a descendant of the theater founded by Bunrakken, popularized the name "Bunraku" in the 20th century to the point that many Japanese now use the term to refer generically to any traditional puppet theater in Japan.
However, almost all of the traditional puppet troupes currently in existence outside Osaka were founded and named long before the appearance of Uemura Bunrakukken and his theater, so they generally do not use the word to describe themselves. Exceptions are the few troupes that were organized by puppeteers from the Bunraku-za or its successors who left Osaka to found theaters in the provinces
ELEMENTS OF FORM
Bunraku puppets
Bunraku puppets range in size from two-and-a-half to four feet tall or more, depending on the age and gender of the character and the conventions of the specific puppet troupe. The puppets of the Osaka tradition tend to be somewhat smaller overall, while the puppets in the Awaji tradition are some of the largest as productions in that region tend to be held outdoors.
The heads and hands of traditional puppets are carved by specialists, while the bodies and costumes are often constructed by puppeteers. The heads can be quite sophisticated mechanically. In plays with supernatural themes, a puppet may be constructed so that its face can quickly transform into that of a demon. Less complex heads may have eyes that move up and down, side to side or close, and noses, mouths, and eyebrows that move.
Controls for all movements of parts of the head are located on a handle that extends down from the neck of the puppet and are reached by the main puppeteer inserting his or her left hand into the chest of the puppet through a hole in the back of the torso.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caBfryYWaM0&feature=related translated in English
TYPES OF HEADS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1119A2RZXA
Male heads
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Female heads
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Special roles heads
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Puppeteers
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The main puppeteer, the omozukai, uses his or her right hand to control the right hand of the puppet.
The left puppeteer, known as the hidarizukai or sashizukai, depending of the tradition of the troupe, manipulates the left hand of the puppet with his or her own right hand by means of a control rod that extends back from the elbow of the puppet.
A third puppeteer, the ashizukai, operates the feet and legs.
Puppeteers begin their training by operating the feet, then move onto the left hand, before being able to train as the main puppeteer. This process can take 30 years to progress.
All but the most minor characters require three puppeteers, who perform in full view of the audience, generally wearing black robes. In some traditions, all puppeteers also wear blacks hoods over their heads, while others, including the National Bunraku Theater, leave the main puppeteer unhooded, a style of performance known as dezukai. The shape of the puppeteers’ hoods also varies, depending on the school to which the puppeteer belongs.
The chanter
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Usually a single chanter recites all the characters' parts, altering his pitch in order to switch between various characters. However, sometimes multiple chanters are used. The chanters sit next to the shamisen player on a revolving platform, and from time to time, the platform turns, bringing replacement musicians for the next scene. Early in his career, a chanter forms a partnership with a single shamisen player. After that point, these performers will always perform, practice, and even live together. Such a partnership is for life: the death or retirement of one performers forces the retirement of his partner
The shamisen & themes
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The shamisen used in bunraku has a sound which is different from other shamisen. It is lower in pitch, and has a fuller tone.
Bunraku shares many themes with kabuki. In fact, many plays were adapted for performance both by actors in kabuki and by puppet troupes in bunraku. Bunraku is particularly noted for lovers' suicide plays. The story of the forty-seven ronin is also famous in both bunraku and kabuki. Bunraku is an author's theater, as opposed to kabuki, which is a performer's theater. In bunraku, prior to the performance, the chanter holds up the text and bows before it, promising to follow it faithfully. In kabuki, actors insert puns on their names, ad-libs, references to contemporary happenings and other things which deviate from the script.
The most famous bunraku playwright was Chikamatsu Monzaemon. With more than 100 plays to his credit, he is sometimes called the Shakespeare of Japan.
Bunraku companies, performers, and puppet makers have been designated "Living National Treasures" under Japan's program for preserving its culture.
My first time seeing Bunraku
Given that this year my country celebrates the “50 years of Friendship” Anniversary between Romania and Japan (more precisely the retake of diplomatic relations), a lot of events took place in Bucharest. So I decided to go to the last one – bunraku or puppet theatre. And I also took one of my friends whom I have already “poisoned” with my
niponnmania
I love Japanese, being second only to English, so imagine my astonishment hearing and seeing a Japanese speaking Japanese. I know that isn’t much and not that important, but hearing the language being spoken by a native… I couldn’t stop smiling.
As soon as we entered the theatre, the staff (both Romanian and Japanese) was waiting for us, kindly welcoming us. I had tickets at the balcony for 2 reasons – money and because it was supertitled. I have to mention one important thing – although it’s rising, the interest in Japan’s culture is still rather small in my country. So, another shock was that all seats were occupied. I mean, this is odd, given that it wasn’t advertised much – actually I put some posters in my faculty and only after that I saw the official one at the Japanese Department. But well, it didn’t hurt – I actually saw some familiar faces at the theatre.
Here’s what happened at the theatre:
SHINNAI JORURI &
HACHIOJI KURUMA NINGYO
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Shinnai is a style of narrative singing, or joruri that traces its origin to the early 1700s.
The first Tsuruga Wakasanojo began composing and performing narrative songs in the 1770s, and his style of music became widely popular through the exceptionally passionate performances of his apprentice Tsuruga Shinnai, whose name later became synonymous with the genre. The intensely emotional and often tragic stories of Shinnai repertoire captured the popular urban lifestyle of the capital city of Edo and the culture of the vibrant pleasure quarters.
Hachioji Kuruma Ningyo is a form of puppet theatre created by the first Koryu Nishikawa around the end of the Edo period. It is called Kuruma Ningyo because the puppeteer sits on a small seat with roller wheels (rokuro-kuruma) and operates the puppet (ningyo). This small seat, and the fact that only one person is needed to operate one puppet, distinguishes Kuruma Ningyo from Bunraku, in which three people are needed to operate each puppet. This one-to-one relationship allows great flexibility and realism as the puppet and the puppeteer move in unison. With such advantages of Kuruma Ningyo, the troupe of Nishikawa Koryu has been active in collaboration with other performance artists.
We had a speech from a Japanese official, something like “We welcome you and so on…”.
Then the
SANBASO started. (15 minutes)
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Kotobuki Shiki Sanbaso 寿式三番叟. A celebratory dance piece of divinely-inspired puppetry that originated in masked Noh drama, the Sanbaso is meant to who purify the theater and scatter good fortune on the audience with lively gestures that mimic the planting of rice and also suggest felicitous creatures like turtles and cranes. But the piece also includes comedy because even a puppet charged with the solemn task of blessing a venue sometimes gets tired and needs to cool off after a taxing turn on the stage. The Sanbaso opens every Bunraku performance.
After this
Nishikawa Koryu V- sensei came and held a speech about the structure of a ningyo (puppet), and about the puppeteers as writen above in
History and
Elements of Form.
He even made a small joke when he was presenting the
onna ningyo, a puppet that can transform into a witch-like character (I can't put it well in words, something like when pulled a string its hair will stay up like a witch's.). So, he said never cross a woman, 'cause look what happens, that he fears women

. He was nice - not about the comment, but trying to connect with the audience.
The second play was
RAN'CHO or
WAKAGI NO ADANAGUSA.
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This is one of the 3 first masterpieces of the Shinnai. It's a typical Shinnai ballad. Ran'cho is the first play of Tsuruga Wakasanojo-san.
It's about a love triangle, with two main characters (you will understand this after reading the synopsis): Ran'cho, his wife - Omiya, and Ran'cho's lover - Konoito - a courtesan from the Yoshiwara district in Edo (Tokyo).
One day Omiya decides to go to Konoito to speak to her. She begs her to stop seeing her husband. Omiya starts a sad song about her marriage life, thus portraiting her feelings of love. She tells about how she wanted to marry for love and instead winded up in this love triangle.
Madly in love with Konoito, Ran'cho spends nights and days with her in Yoshiwara district, giving up both his wife and job. konoito being a courtesan, Ran'cho spends fortunes to attend to her. Once Ran'cho wastes all his fortune, Omiya finds herself obliged to work in a brothel so that she can pay daily expenses. To her dismay, Ran'cho keeps on spending the money on Konoito
Konoito is torn between her love and the duty to let him return to his family. Omiya feels that she must save her marriage, but at the same time watchs the two lovers with compassion.
In the last part of the play, Ran'cho surprinsigly finds out his wife's beliefs and feelings and starts to feel remorse. But he loves Konoito too much to give her up. In the end the two lovers commit suicide.
The third play was
YAJI KITA (although I think it has to be YAJI TO KITA)
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Two of the most beloved characters of the Edo period, Yajirobei and Kitahachi, are two good-for-nothing men who leave from the capital city Edo to Kyoto in an unforseen journey. Their amusing wandering are a series of books written by Jippensha Ikku between 1802-1809. The play starts with them on the road. And the naughty Yajirobei makes fun of scaredy-cat Kitahachi who is afraid of the haunted forest: he dresses up as the spirit of the sly fox and then he scares his friend.
In the end of the show there was a dancing lion with some butterflies (which I like how they're called in Japanese -
cho )
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The Lion Dance, a piece performed throughout East Asia in a variety of forms. The lively and engaging Lion Dance brings good fortune to the audience--a lion bite on the head will confer intelligence on children and good health for the coming year. But the lion himself is not always so fortunate. His slumber is often disturbed by delicate but pesky visitors.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0uJT2PFMJk
And because it was an anniversary, they had to relate it to Romania.
They inserted Romanian lines in their plays. It was funny and nice to hear them speak Romanian.
And after the plays were over, they added a Romanian-like bunraku dance.
It is called The "Ciuleandra" (
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0W395ryBuqg) It felt very good to see a bunraku ningyo dressed up in a traditional Romanian attire, and dancing to a traditional song. The whole room burst in applause and they had to come back on the stage for like 5 times.... I mean we coldn't stop apllauding, that's how much we liked it.
brising-chan!! ども ありがと ございます!! ^_^
